Multi-grained encoding and joint embedding space fusion for video and text cross-modal retrieval

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Video-text cross-modal retrieval is significant to computer vision. Most of existing works focus on exploring the global similarity between modalities, but...     

Nickel supported over MCM-41 coated ceramic membrane for steam reforming of real tar

A novel catalyst, Nickel supported over MCM-41 coated ceramic membrane (NMC), was developed using coating method and deposition-precipitation method and applied for steam reforming of real tar in fixed bed. The effects of reaction conditions such as Ni loading amount, reaction temperature and mass ratio of steam to tar were also studied. The good dispersion of Ni nanoparticles and the strong interaction between Ni particles and the support were identified by BET, XRD, H₂-TPR and SEM/EDS, resulting in the excellent performance of NMC catalysts. Maximum tar conversion of 96.4% and H₂ yield of 98.7 mmol g^?1 were obtained using 20NMC with a mass ratio of steam to coal tar of 2 at 800 °C. Moreover, 20 NMC exhibited a good stability in 10 h of lifetime test and the resistance of graphitic carbon formation prone to easier regeneration of catalysts illustrated by Raman spectroscopy. It indicates that the utilization of NMC catalysts for tar steam reforming is a promising way.     

Lead-free sodium niobate nanowires with strong piezo-catalysis for dye wastewater degradation

In this work, the hydrothermally-synthesized sodium niobate nanowires were used to decompose Rhodamine B dye solution through the piezo-catalytic effect. With the sodium niobate catalyst, a high piezo-catalytic degradation ratio of ～80% was achieved under the excitation of vibration for the Rhodamine B dye solution (～5?mg/l). These active species in the catalytic process, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals with the strong oxidation ability, were also observed, which confirmed the key role of piezoelectric effect for piezo-catalysis. The piezo-catalysis of sodium niobate nanowires provides a high-efficiency and reusable tool in application in depredating the dye wastewater.     

Catalytic oxidation of CO on mesoporous codoped ceria catalysts:Insights into correlation of physicochemical property and catalytic activity

Codoping approach is an appealing strategy to further improve the catalytic activity of Ce-based catalysts. In the present study,Mn and/or Cu doped ceria solid solutions MnxCuyCe_(1-x-y)O_2,Cu_xCe_(1-x)O_2,Mn_xCe_(1-x)O_2 and pure CeO_2 were prepared by CTAB-assisted hydrothermal method for CO oxidation.XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, Raman, H2-TPR, XPS and in situ DRIFTS techniques were carried out to study the physicochemical properties and to correlate them to the activity. The doped samples maintain the cubic fluorite structure of CeO_2 with high crystallinity and small crystallite size, forming Ce-based solid solutions. The obtained catalysts have large mesoporous structure with average pore size of 10-14 nm. The doped transition metal enhances the oxygen vacancies and improves reducibility of the solids. The synergistic interaction of Mn and Cu codoping induces mo re oxygen vacancies, pro moting the increase of surface adsorbed oxygen and the transfer of bulk oxygen of catalyst, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity for CO oxidation. Besides, the decomposition rate of the carbonate species which is derived from in situ DRIFTS for each catalyst can provide a measure to evaluate its catalytic activity of CO oxidation.     

Effects of Environments on the Noise of Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilevers

环境对原子力显微镜悬臂噪声的影响

句宏宇 张松 崔树勋

（西南交通大学 生命科学与工程学院 材料先进技术教育部重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）

创新点说明：

1）发现了原子力显微镜（AFM）在高真空环境中具有非常小的噪声；

2）发现了AFM在液体环境中的噪声与液体粘度和悬臂运动速率之间的关系。

研究目的：

得到AFM的噪声和使用环境、悬臂种类以及仪器参数设置之间的关系，找出减小AFM噪声的有效方法。

研究方法：

模拟基于AFM的单分子力谱实验过程，通过计算AFM在高真空、大气和不同粘度液体环境中不同运动速率下力信号数值的标准差（即噪声大小），分析AFM噪声的影响因素。

研究结果：

1）V形悬臂在高真空环境中具有非常小的噪声，在大气环境中噪声有微小增大，在液体环境中噪声显著增大；

2）AFM具有较低的系统噪声，且系统噪声大小和悬臂到基底的距离相关；

3）随着悬臂运动速率的增加，V形悬臂在不同粘度液体环境中的噪声表现出相似的增大趋势。且液体黏度越大，噪声随速率增大的趋势越显著；

4）相同环境中矩形悬臂的噪声小于V形悬臂的噪声。

结论：

1）高真空环境中AFM具有较小的噪声和较高的分辨率，是进行单分子力谱实验的理想环境；

2） 在液体环境中为了获得较高的信噪比，应尽可能地减小悬臂的运动速率和液体粘度。

关键词：原子力显微镜；悬臂；噪声；高真空；粘度

     

Microstructure and corrosion behaviors of FeCrNiBSiMox stainless steel fabricated by laser melting deposition

In this paper, FeCrNiBSiMo_x (x = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5) stainless steels were successfully prepared using a laser melting deposition technology, with the aim to investigate the effect of Mo content on microstructure and corrosion behaviors. The results showed that the as-deposited specimens were composed mostly of α-Fe and a small amount of (Cr, Mo)₇C₃, and (Cr, Mo)₇C₃ existed in the inter-dendritic (ID) region. As the Mo content increased, grain refinement could be clearly observed, and the area of the ID region increased from 27% to 54%. The low-angle boundaries accounted for 60–70% of the grain boundaries of the as-deposited specimens. Increasing the content of Mo improved the microhardness of the as-deposited specimens from 652 HV to 813 HV. The corrosion current density of the as-deposited specimens with the Mo mass fractions of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% were 1.37 × 10⁻⁶, 1.02 × 10⁻⁷, 6.19 × 10⁻⁷, and 3.06 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm², respectively. The as-deposited specimen with Mo content of 1.5% had lower cumulative erosion loss and erosion loss rate than other as-deposited specimens. The FeCrNiBSiMo_x (x = 1.5) specimen exhibited excellent resistance to electrochemical corrosion and cavitation erosion.     

Co/Al金属在聚晶立方氮化硼中的作用及加工适用性

通过正交试验和切削试验相结合的方法,检测聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)烧结体的硬度和强度,分析并观察烧结体组元相互熔渗状况以及微观形貌,探索了Co/Al金属对PCBN烧结体的影响以及不同结合剂含量PCBN的加工适应性。试验结果表明:CBN含量和Co含量对PCBN的抗弯强度和硬度影响显著;在刀具材料的选择上,高PCBN浓度的刀具适合加工灰铸铁,低PCBN浓度的刀具适合加工淬硬钢;Co/Al金属能够通过高温高压在PCBN层和硬质合金基体之间进行相互熔渗,导致PCBN层在距硬质合金10~20μm处Co含量达到最大值;PCBN的失效为穿晶断裂方式。     

Analysis of the risk-sharing ratio in PPP projects based on government minimum revenue guarantees

Public-private partnership (PPP) projects have been widely applied in infrastructure construction. A suitable risk distribution strategy is crucial for promoting negotiations between the government and investors. The government usually provides guarantees to investors to distribute risk. However, an excessive guarantee increases the government's financial burden, whereas an insufficient guarantee reduces the confidence of the investors participating in the project. In a minimum revenue guarantee (MRG), the government subsidizes the investors the difference between the actual revenue and the government guarantee line if there is a loss. In PPP power plant and highway projects, investors' revenues come from two sources: government guarantees and the project company's self-sale. To support project companies and to optimize the projects' benefits, the government should set a reasonable benchmark for purchase amounts. Based on the traditional principal-agent model, this paper introduces the reciprocal preference theory to analyze the risk-sharing ratio most suitable for the government. Then, an optimal incentive mechanism is established to guarantee the project's income. The results indicate that by setting a different guarantee strategy for different participants, the government can utilize reciprocal preference to incentivize investors to exert more effort during a partnership and avoid moral hazard.